原标题:史上最全英语音标发音及拼读规则教程(附BBC出品最棒的英式英语发音教程)
英语发音是英语口语提高必须掌握的缓解,今天分享给大家史上最全英语音标发音及拼读规则教程,还有BBC出品最棒的英式英语发音教程,收藏学习!
一. 英 语 音 标:48 个 国 际 音 标 图
巧记48个音标简表:
熟悉后反复复习巩固的可用表格:
视频从3’08‘’开始讲48个音标读音
二. 音节与音节划分知识
1. 音节
以元音为主体构成的发音单位,一般说来元音发音响亮,可以构成音节,辅音发音不响亮,不能单独构成音节([m] [n] [ŋ ] [l]例外)。从单词拼写形式上看,有几个元音字母就有几个音节。
2. 音节的划分
① 在重读音节和非重读音节的相邻处有两个辅音字母时,一个辅音字母组属于前面的音节,一个属于后面的音节。
例如:let-ter,mem-ber,chil-dren,daugh-ter
② 在重读和非重读音节的相邻处只有一个辅音字母时,如果前面重读音节里的元音是长音则辅字组属于后面一个音节,如果重读音节里的元音是短音,则辅音字母属于重读音节。
例如:长音 pa-per,stu-dent,fa-ther,ze-ro,mo-tor,far-ther
短音 sev-en,stud-y,moth-er,ver-y,mod-le ,weath-er
3. 重读音节
单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时,应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节,标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。
4. 开音节
① 绝对开音节:单个元音字母后面没有辅音字母的重读音节。
例如:no,blue,ba-by,stu-dent,se-cret
② 相对开音节:单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母,再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。
例如:name,these,bike,home,excuse
5. 闭音节
单个元音字母后面有辅音字母(r、w、y 除外)且以辅音字母结尾的重读音节。
例如:bag,egg,fish,not,cup
6. 双音节词重读规则
① 双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。
例如:stu-dent,Chi-na,sec-ond,au-tumn
② 含有a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。双音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。
例如:a-bout,be-fore,ex-cuse,re-pair,for-get-ful,in-ven-tor
7. 多音节词重读规则
多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。
例如:el-e-phant
词尾有-ic 或-tion,-sion 的词,在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读。
例如:scien-tific,im-pression,na-tion
三. 英语单词拼读规则
1、元音字母在重读音节中的读音
元音字母 | 读 音 | 例 词 | a | 在开音节中 | [ei] | name plane Jane baby cake | 在闭音节中 | [æ] | bag dad hat map black back | e | 在开音节中 | [i:] | hethese meChinese | 在闭音节中 | [e] | bed let pen desk yes egg | i | 在开音节中 | [ai] | bike flydrive time nice kite | 在闭音节中 | [i] | fish big drink sit milk swim | o | 在开音节中 | [əu] | those close gohoe home no | 在闭音节中 | [ɔ] | clock not box shop sock | u | 在开音节中 | [ju:] | student excuse duty Tuesday | 在闭音节中 | [ʌ ] | bus cup jump much lunch | 在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音,例如:June blue ruler super | |
2、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
元音字母 | 读 音 | 例 词 | a | [ə] | China another woman breakfast | [i] | orange comrade village cabbage | e | [ə] | hundred student open weekend | [i] | chicken pocket begin children | i | [i] | holiday beautiful family animal | [ai] | exercise satellite | o | [ə] | second tonight somebody welcome | [əu] | alsozero photo | u | [ə] | autumn diffcult | [ju:] | popular congratulation January | 动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[ei]音,例如:operate | u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读[u(:)]音,例如:July influence February issue | 在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母a e i既可以读作[ə]音可以读作[i]音。 |
3、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
元音字母 | 读 音 | 例 词 | a在[w]音后面 | [ɔ] | want what watch wash quality | a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 | [α:] | after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father | i在-nd -ld和gh前 | [ai] | find child light high | o在-st -ld前 | [əu] | most postcard old cold | o在m n v th前 | [ʌ] | come monkey love mother | |
4、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 | 读 音 | 例 词 | arar在[w]音后面 | [α:] | carfarm dark sharpener | [ɔ:] | warm quarter towards | oror在[w]音后面 | [ɔ:] | forty morning short | [ə:] | word worker worse | er ir ur | [ə:] | certainly bird Thursday | 辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如: carry sorry hurry | -r音节在非重读音节中通常读[ə]音,例如:dollar teacher forget Saturday | |
5、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 | 读 音 | 例 词 | are | [εə] | caredarehare | ere | [iə] | here mere | ire | [aiə] | firehire wire | ore | [ɔ:] | morescorebefore | ure | [juə] | purecure | are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[tʃə]音或[ʒə],例如:picture pleasure | 重读元音字母加Rr,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母Rr读[r]音。例如:parent zero story during inspiring | 某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如:orange very American paragraph | |
6、元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 | 读 音 | 例 词 | ai/ay | [ei] | afraid rain wait dayplay | air | [εə] | airhairchairpair repair | al al在f m前 | [ɔ:l] | smallballtalk wallall | [ɔ:l] | alwaysalso salt almost | [α:] | half calm | au/aw | [ɔ:] | autumn daughter draw | ea | [i:] | teach easy cheap please | [e] | heavy bread sweater weather | [ei] | break great | ear | [iə] | heardearnearclearyear | [εə] | bearpearwearswear | [ə:] | earth learn early | ee | [i:] | jeep week green three | eer | [iə] | pioneerdeerbeer | ei/ey | [ei] | eight neighbour they | [i:] | either key | eu/ew在j l r s后 | [ju:] | newfewnewspaper | [u:] | flewbrewjewelry | ie/ei[s]音之后 | [i:] | piece field receive | oa | [əu] | coat Joan boat goal | oar/oor | [ɔ:] | roarboarddoor floor | oi/oy | [ɔi] | noise point boytoilet | oo | [u:] | broom food tooth school | [u] | book look cook foot good | ou/ow | [au] | flower house count down | [əu] | knowrowthrow though | [ʌ] | young country enough | [u:] | group yousoup | our | [ɔ:] | course yourfour | [auə] | ourhourours | [ə:] | journey | ui在j l r s后 | [ju:i] | fluid suicide tuition suit | [u:] | juice fruit | |
7、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音
元音字组或字群 | 读 音 | 例 词 | ai/ay ei/ey | [i] | Sundayforeign monkey | ow | [əu] | yellowsparrowtomorrow | | -sion -tion | [ʃən] | impressionnation | -sion在元音字母后 | [ʒən] | visiondecisionoccasion | -tion在s后 | [tʃən] | questionsuggestion | -sten | [sn] | listen | -stle | [sl] | whistle | -sure | [ʒə] | pleasuremeasure | -ture | [tʃə] | pictureculture | |
8、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。例如:everyday[ei]handbag[æ]blackboard[ɔ:] | 有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。例如: sun太阳 + day[ei]日子 > Sunday[i] 星期天holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 > holiday[i] 假日break中断 + fast[a:]斋戒 > breakfast[ə]早餐cup茶杯 + board木板[ɔ:]>cupboard[ɔ:]碗柜 | |
9、辅字组的读音
辅字组 | 读 音 | 例 词 | b | [b] | bike bus bag | [/] | bomb tomb | cc在e前或在i/y前 | [k] | cake picture coat music | [s] | face decide cinema | ch | [tʃ] | much chick rich teacher | [k] | school headache chemistry | [ʃ] | machine Chicago | -ck | [k] | cockpocket blackknock | d | [d] | doctor bread hand day | -dge | [dʒ] | bridgefridge | dr- | [dr] | children driver drink | f | [f] | five four breakfast | gg在e i/y前 | [g] | bag gardon go | [dʒ] | orange large German | gh | [f] | coughenough photo | [/] | light daughter high | gu- -guegu在非重读音节中 | [g] | guess leaguedialogue | [gw] | language anguish | h | [h] | hot head house hand | [/] | hour honest | j | [dʒ] | jeep jar joke join July | k | [k] | kind bike skate make week | kn- | [n] | knife know knock | l | [l] | life milk school tall | m | [m] | monkey come autumn | -mn | [m] | autumncolumnsolemn | nn在[k] [g]音前 | [n] | not shine ten note | [ŋ] | uncle thank hungry | -ng | [n] | morningyoungwrong | p | [p] | paper plane pig ship pen | ph | [f] | elephant photo telephone | q | [k] | Iraq | qu- | [kw] | quality quite | r | [r] | red rubber ruler | s在词首或清辅音前元音字母间或浊辅音前 | [s] | sit sleep desk | [z] | music husband | sc- | [sk] | scar | [s] | muscle science | sh | [ʃ] | she fishshirt wash | t在通常情况下在弱读字母ia ie io前 | [t] | ten letter meet | [ʃ] | patient nation | tch | [tʃ] | watch | th在通常情况下在冠词 代词 介词 连词中在词尾-the -ther中 | [θ] | thin thirty method | [ð] | the these with than | [ð] | clothefatherweather | tr- | [tr] | tree train country truck | v | [v] | very voice love leave | w | [w] | week win wake sweet wait | [/] | answer two | wh-wh-在字母o前 | [w] | what when white why | [h] | who whose whole | x在重读元音前 | [ks] | box text exercise | [gz] | examle exist exact | wr- | [r] | write | y- | [j] | yes yard yellow young | z | [z] | puzzle zero zoo | |
四. 英语拼读发音练习
一.与元音字母A 相关的单词:
1.[ei] a在开音节中:发字母音,后面有不发音的e
face脸;grade年级;cake蛋糕;lake湖; make制造;take拿到;
snake蛇;name名字; same相同;plane飞机;grapes葡萄;date日期;
Kate 凯特;plate盘子; mane鬃毛;
2.[æ] a在闭音节中:
black黑色的;dad爸爸;sad悲伤的;bag书包;am是;
Sam萨姆 lamp灯;an一(个---);can能;fan电风扇;man男人;and和;hand手;thank感谢;map地图;has有; cat猫;
fat肥胖的;that那个;hat帽子;rabbit兔子 family家庭 camel骆驼
3.[a:] ar组合:
car小汽车;far远的;star星星;card卡片;scarf围巾;marker水彩笔 market市场 department store百货商店 apartment building公寓;
hard努力地,硬的;park公园;arm胳臂;farm农场;
4.[ei] ai组合;
tail尾巴;rainy下雨的;train火车;
wait等;waiter男服务员;waitress女服务员
5.[ɛə] air组合:
air空气;hair头发;chair椅子 stairs楼梯
6.[ei] ay组合:
day天,日;today今天;play玩;may可以;May五月;say说;
way道路,方法; stay逗留
7. [i] ay组合:
Sunday 星期日 Monday星期一 Tuesday星期二 Wednesday星期三
Thursday星期四 Friday星期五 Saturday星期六
8.[ɔ:] al组合:
talk说话;walk走;chalk粉笔;
9. [ɔ:l] all组合:
all所有的 ball球;small小的;tall高的;wall墙; mall大厅;
call称呼,打电话;fall秋天,跌落
10.[ a:s ]as或ass组合
ask问;class班级;glass玻璃杯;pass传递;grass草;last最后的;
11. [ɔ] a
wash 洗 what什么 watch看,手表 want 想要
12. [ɔ:] aw组合
paws爪子 draw画
二.与元音字母 E 相关的单词:
1.[i:] e在开音节中:发字母音
be是;he他;she她;me我;we我们;these这些;Chinese汉语;
2.[e] e在闭音节中:
bed 床;red红色的;leg腿;spell拼写;hen母鸡;then那么;
when什么时候;pen钢笔;ten十;dress女裙;let让;
3.[iə] ere组合;
here这儿
4. [ɛə] ere组合
there那儿;where哪儿
4.[i:] ea组合;
sea 海洋;tea茶;peach桃子;teacher教师;read读;please请;eat吃;meat肉;seat座位; beak鸟嘴 dream做梦 leaves树叶
5.[e] ea组合;
head头;bread面包;feather羽毛;weather天气;
6.[iə] ear组合:
ear耳朵;dear亲爱的;hear听见; near在……附近
7.[ɛə] ear组合:
bear熊;pear梨
8.[ə:] ear组合:
early早;year年;learn学,学会
9.[i:] ee组合:
bee 蜜蜂;three三;tree树;see看见;need需要; week周,星期;feel感觉;green绿色;thirteen十三; sheep绵羊; sleep睡觉;
feet脚(复数);meet遇见;feed喂养
三.与元音字母I 相关的单词:
1.[ai] i在开音节中:发字母音
hi 喂;I我;ice冰;nice好的;rice米饭;ride骑;beside在---旁边;
bike自行车;like喜欢;time时间;fine(身体)好;nine九;
white白色的;write写;kite风筝;five五;drive驾驶
inside在……里面 outside在……外面
2.[i] i在闭音节中:
which 哪一个;chick小鸡;sick病的;big大的;pig猪;milk牛奶;
him他;swim游泳;in在---里面;begin开始;sing唱歌;
pink粉红色;drink喝;ship轮船;is是;his他的;this这个;
fish鱼;Miss女士;it它;sit坐;six六
3.[ə:] ir组合:
bird鸟; shirt(男)衬衫; skirt短裙 sir先生
girl 女孩 circle圆圈 thirty三十 thirteen十三 thirsty渴的
四.与元音字母 O相关的单词:
1.[əu ] o在开音节中:发字母音
go去;no不;so这样,这么;phone电话机;those那些;close关闭;nose鼻子;rose玫瑰花 home家 rope绳子 hole洞